What typically happens when a player is fouled while making a shot?

When a player is fouled while making a shot, the common practice is to award that player free throws. This is a fundamental rule in basketball that is in place to ensure fair play and to penalize the opposing team for illegal physical contact during a shooting attempt. If the shot is made despite the foul, the player is typically allowed to complete the shot and then will be awarded one extra free throw, known as an "and-one" situation. If the shot does not go in, the player takes the number of free throws that corresponds to the type of foul committed, such as two free throws for a foul during a two-point shot or three for a foul during a three-point attempt. This rule is designed to provide the fouled player with an opportunity to score points despite being hindered by a foul during the shooting process.