Which scenario would lead to a technical foul being called?

A technical foul is typically called for unsportsmanlike conduct or violations of the rules that do not involve physical contact during the course of play. In this instance, a coach arguing with the referee falls under the category of unsportsmanlike conduct, as it shows a lack of respect for the officials and disrupts the flow of the game. Officials are instructed to maintain control over the game and its participants, and excessive arguing or dissent towards their decisions can lead to a technical foul being assessed.

The actions of players traveling, missing free throws, or committing shooting fouls are associated with the regular play of the game and do not express unsportsmanlike behavior, which is the primary reason why they do not result in a technical foul. The nature of the interaction between the coach and the referee, being outside the play and involving disrespect, is what categorically defines why this scenario is a technical foul.